Supermassive Black Hole

A supermassive black hole (SMBH) is the largest type of black hole in which there is a sequence of hundreds of thousands of billions of Sun's mass. It is a class of astronomical objects that have gone through the collapse of gravity, leaving behind a circular area of space where nothing can escape, neither light nor light. Evidence of observation indicates that there is a supermassive black hole in all or almost all of the large galaxies, which is located in the center of the galaxy. In the case of the Milky Way, the supermassive black hole corresponds to the place of Sagittarius A * in the galactic core. Interstellar black hole is the process responsible for emitting gas, power and other types of active galactic nuclei.

Description Of Supermassive Black Hole(SMBH) 

 The supermassive black hole has properties that separate them from low mass classification. Firstly, the average density of an SBS (defined as the mass of the black hole divided into quantities within its Schwarzchilded radius) may be less than the water density in case of some SBS. The reason for this is that the Schwarzschild radius is directly proportional to its mass. Since the volume of a circular object (such as the event horizon of a non-rotating black hole) is directly proportional to the radius cube, the density of a black hole is inversely proportional to the square of the mass, and thus the higher the mass The black hole has lower average density. Apart from this, tidal forces in the vicinity of the event horizon are quite weak for black holes on a large scale. Tidal force on one body on the event horizon is similarly inversely proportional to the square of mass: a person on the surface of the earth and between 10 mm M about black hole experience on the horizon, between his head and leg between the same zero force. Unlike the Stellar Mass Black Hole, anyone will not experience significant tidal force until very dark in the black hole.

Formation

The origin of the supermassive black hole is an open field of research. Astrophysicists believe that once a black hole occurs in the center of the galaxy, it can grow by merging with the accretion of matter and other black holes. However, there are many hypotheses for the formation mechanism of the supermassive black hole and the initial mass of ancestors, or "seeds".

One hypothesis is that the seeds are tens of black holes or maybe hundreds of solar masses, which are largely behind the stars' explosion and grow with the accumulation of matter. Another model envisages that before the first stars, large gas clouds could collapse into a "queue-star", which fell into nearly 20 Mizes black holes. "Quaise-star" becomes unstable for radial disturbances due to the production of electron-positron pair in its core and can fall into a black hole directly without a supernova explosion (which will expel its mass the most, black hole Will stop them from growing faster.) Looking at the near enough mass, the black hole can grow to become an intermediate-mass black hole and possibly a SMBH if the accretion rate remains.

Another model contains dense stellar clusters that are passing through corrosion because the negative heat capacity of the system leads to the spread of velocity in the core to the relativistic speed. In the end, primitive black holes could be directly produced by external pressure in the first moments after the Big Bang. Then these primordial black holes will have more time than the above mentioned model, which will give them enough time to reach superb sizes. The creation of black holes has been studied extensively from the deaths of first stars and confirmed by comments. Other models of black hole formation listed above are theoretical.

Difficulty in making supermassive black holes is necessary for adequate substance which is in sufficient quantity. In order to do this, very little angular momentum is needed in this case. Generally, the process of accretion involves moving a large initial settlement of angular momentum outward, and it appears to be a limiting factor in the development of black holes. This accretion is a key component of the disc's theory. Gas accretion is the most efficient and most typical way in which black holes increase. The biggest reason for the massive development of supermassive black holes is rapidly considered through the episodes of gas accretion, which are viewable as an active galactic nucleus or quasar. Observation shows that when the universe was small, the quasar was very much, indicating that the supermassive black holes became and developed quickly. One of the key factors for the formation of the supermassive black hole formation is the observation of the far shiny quasars, which show that while the Arabs were under the age of one billion, supermassive black holes of billions of solar masses had already been formed. This suggests that in the universe the first large-scale supermassive black holes were born within the galaxies.

There is a vacancy in the mass mass distribution of black holes. Black holes coming out of dying stars are from 5-80 M from. The minimal supermassive black hole is about 100 thousand solar masses. The mass scale between these ranges is called the intermediate-mass black hole. This kind of trench suggests a different formation process. However, some models show that this missing group can have ultramins X-ray sources (ULX) black holes.

However, there is an upper limit on how to grow big supermassive black holes. The so-called ultramassive black hole (UMBH), which is at least ten times the size of the supermassive black holes, appears to have a theoretical upper limit of approximately 50 billion solar masses, because any of the above things goes down to the crawl (slowdown ) Starts approximately 10 billion solar masses) and causes the volatile accretion disk around the black hole, which is stored in stars.

A small argument of the sources is that the remote superhuman black hole, whose large size is difficult to explain so quickly after the Big Bang, such as ULAS J1342 + 0928, can be evidence that our universe is bigger than a Big The result of bouncing is Bang, with these supermassive black holes, before the Big Bounce. 

Where to find Supermassive Black Hole in the Milky Way ?

Astronomers fully believe that 26,000 light years away from a solar system in the center of the Milky Way galaxy, is a supermassive black hole in the area called Sagittarius A * because:

Star S2 follows an elliptical orbit with a peri-centre (closest distance) of 15.2 years duration and 17 light-hours (1.8 × 1013 m or 120 AU) from the center of the central object. [38]

At the speed of Star S2, the object's mass can be estimated at 4.1 million M or or approximately 8.2 × 1036 kilograms.

The radius of the central object should be less than 17 light hours, because otherwise S2 will collide. An observation of the star S14 [41] shows that the radius is not more than 6.25 light-hours, about the diameter of the orbit of Uranus.

In addition to the black hole, this quantum of any known celestial object can not be 4.1 million M this in space.

Infrared observations of bright flare activity near Sagittarius A shows the orbital motion of plasma with a separation of 15 to ten times the separation of S66's gravitational radius from the S66, with the period of 45 separation 15 minutes. This emission corresponds to a circular orbit of a polarized "hot spot" on an accretion disk in a strong magnetic field. The case of radiation circled 30% of the speed of light outside the inner stable constant spherical orbit.

On January 5, 2015, NASA observed an X-ray 400x faster glow than the record-breaker from Sagittarius A *. According to astronomers, unusual phenomena may be caused by the breakdown of asteroids falling in black holes or in the Sagittarius A * due to the association of magnetic field lines within the gas.