Tachyon

Tachyon

A tachyon or tactic particle is a fictional particle that always travels faster than light. Most physicists believe that light-to-light particles cannot exist because they are not in conformity with the known rules of physics. If such particles were present, then they could be used to create a Tactical Antichtellphone and send signals faster than the light, which would lead to the violation of work-causes (according to special relativity). No experimental evidence has been found for the existence of such particles.

The first possibility of particles moving faster than light was first in 1962. M. P. Bill Nieuw, V. Of Deshpande and E. C. G. Proposed by Sudarshan, though the word he used was "meta-particle" In the 1967 paper, who coined the term, Gerald Finnberg proposed that the tactic particles could be with the hypothetical mass of the quantum region. However, it was soon realized that excitement of such hypothetical mass areas does not spread rapidly in light of any circumstance, and instead, the fictional mass gives rise to instability which is known as tachyon condensation. Nevertheless, in modern physics, the word "tachyon" often refers to speculative mass areas rather than fast mass particles. Such areas have played an important role in modern physics.

The word comes from Greek: ταχύ, tachy, meaning "intense". The supplementary particle types are called the luxons (which always run at the speed of light) and the bradyons (which always walk slowly with light); Both of these particle types are present.

Tachyons in relativity theory

In special relativity, in a fast-to-light particle, unlike ordinary particles, there will be four-speed like space, in which there is a time-scale movement. Although in some theories the mass of the tachyons is considered fictitious, in some modern formulations, mass is considered to be real, for this moment the speed and energy are redefined. Also, since tachyons are constrained to the spacelike part of the energy-speed graph, they could not slow down the subluminal speed.

Mass of Tachyons

In the theory of a Lorentz, a similar formula that applies to normal slow-to-mild particles (sometimes called "radians" in the discussion of tachyons) also applies to tachyons. Especially the energy-speed relationship:

This equation shows that the total energy of a particle (Bradyan or Taekiyon) has a contribution in its remaining mass ("remaining mass-energy") and its speed, kinetic energy. When v is greater than c, the denominator in the equation of energy is "hypothetical" because the value under the radix is negative. Because the total energy should be real, [dubious - discussion] the part should also be hypothetical: that the rest of the mass should be fictional, because another pure imaginary number divided by a pure imaginary number is a real number.

In some modern formulations of theory, the mass of the tachyons is considered to be real.

Speed

A curious effect is that, unlike normal particles, the speed of a tachyon increases because its energy decreases. In particular,  E reaches zero when the v reaches infinity. (For ordinary Bradenic substance, E increases with increasing speed, is increasing arbitrarily because V approaches c is the speed of light). Therefore, like the Bradyons are forbidden to break the light-speed barrier, the same tactics are forbidden to slow down because infinite energy is required to reach down or from top to bottom

As mentioned by Einstein, Toleman, and others, special relativity means that fast-to-light particles, if they existed, can be used to communicate backward in time.

Neutrino

In 1985, Chaudos proposed that neutrinos may have a tactical nature. The possibility of increasing standard model particles at superluminal speeds can be used in violation of Laurent's invariance, for example, the Standard-Model Extension. In this framework, neutrinos experience violin-oscillations and can travel faster than high light on light energy. This proposal was strongly criticized.

Cherenkov radiation

A Tachian Cherchanov with an electric charge will lose energy in the form of radiation - like ordinary charged particles when they cross the local motion of light in one medium (except for a hard vacuum). A charged tachyon travels in a vacuum, therefore, a constant appropriate time passes through acceleration and, by necessity, its universe creates a hyperbola in space-time. However, reducing the energy of tachyons increases its speed, since the formed single hyperbola consists of opposite moments (the same magnitude, opposite signal) with two contrasting tachyons, which destroy each other when they Together at infinite speed in space in one place. (At an infinite speed, both tacos have every energy and finite speed in the opposite direction, hence no conservation laws are violated in their mutual destruction. The time of extinction is dependent on the frame.

Even an electrically neutral tachyon will be expected to lose energy through gravitational Cherenkov radiation (unless gravity itself is not tachyons), because it is a gravitational mass, and therefore in motion in the form of travel Increases, as described above. If tachyons interact with any other particles, then it can also broadcast the energy of Chernankov in those particles. Neutrinos interacted with other particles of the standard model, and Andrew Cohen and Sheldon Glasso recently argued that a faster neutrinos discrepancy than light cannot be explained because nitrone spreads rapidly with light, and Instead of an error should be due. is used.

Causality

Causality is a fundamental principle of physics. If the teachers can broadcast information faster than the light, then according to the relativity they violate work-causes, there are logical contradictions of "kill your own grandfather" type. It is often depicted with thought experiments such as "Tachyon telephone paradox" or "logically self-inhibitor".

The problem can be understood in relation to the relativity of equality in special relativity, which states that different inertial reference frames will disagree on whether two incidents occur at different places "at the same time" , And they may also disagree on the order, two incidents (technically, this disagreement occurs when the space-time interval between events is 'space-like', which means that neither event will happen in future Area light is contained in the cone).

If one of the two events represents sending a signal from one place and the second event represents the reception of the same signal at some other place, then until the signal is moving at a light or slow pace, The speed of this ensures that all reference frames agree that the transmission-event was before the reception-event. However, in the case of a fast moving forward than a fictional signal light, there will always be some frames in which the signal was received before it was sent so that the signal could be moved back in time. Because one of the two fundamental positions of special relativity says that the laws of physics should work in every inert frame in the same way, if it is possible for signals to move backward in a single frame over time, then all of them Should be possible in the frames. This means that if Supervisor A sends a signal to Supervisor B, which moves faster than the light in A's frame but leads to B in the frame in time of B, and then B sends an answer B goes faster than the light in the frame of B but behind the time in A's frame it can work that A receives the answer before sending a basic signal, challenging the causality in each frame Ta and opens the door to serious logical contradictions. The mathematical explanation can be found in the tachyon annihilate phone article, and using a spacetime diagram, a picture of such a scenario can be found in Baker, R.

Reinterpretation theory

The reinterpretative theory claims that a Tachyons sent back in time can always be reinterpreted in the future as tachyons, because supervisors cannot distinguish between the exchanges and absorption of tachyons. An attempt to detect a tachyon from the future (and a violation of causality) will actually create the same tachyon and forward it in time (which is the reason).

However, this theory has not been widely accepted as a solution to the contradictions. Instead, what is necessary to avoid contradictions is that unlike any known particle, the tachyons do not contact in any way and neither can it be detected nor can it be detected, Because otherwise Tachyon ray can be modified and used by anti-telephone or "logically dangerous self-blocker". It is believed that all forms of energy are considered to interact with at least gravity, and many authors point out that superficial diffusion always leads to a contradiction in Lorentz irreversible principles.

tachyons in fiction

Tachyons have appeared in many fiction works. They have been used as a standby mechanism, on which many science fiction writers rely on working-context contexts or without establishing fast communication. The word tachyon has become widely recognized to such an extent that it can provide science-fictional meaning, even if there is no special relation to the topic of superluminal travel (a form of technobabble, akin to positive brain) in the question .